2^nd International Conference on Plant Science & Physiology June 26-27, 2017 Bangkok, Thailand

Plant Pathology is defined as the study of diseases in plant that cause by the pathogens, the mechanisms by which this occurs, the interactions between these causal agents and the plant (effects on plant growth, yield and quality), and the methods of managing or controlling plant disease. It also interfaces knowledge from other scientific fields such as mycology, microbiology, virology, biochemistry, bio-informatics, etc. Plant Diseases caused by plant pathogens like fungi, bacteria, nematodes, viruses, parasitic flowering plants, abiotic factors of the environment including light, temperature, and atmospheric gases. Plant diseases are recognized by the symptoms (external or internal) produced by them or by sick appearance of the plant. The term plant disease signifies the condition of the plant due to disease or cause of the disease. Plant disease is mainly defined in terms of the damage caused to the plant or to its organ.   

Plant and Agricultural biotechnology are specific area of plant science involving the use of scientific tools and techniques, including genetic engineering, molecular markers, molecular diagnosis, vaccines, and tissue culture to modify living organisms: plant, animal and microorganism. Agricultural biotechnology is majorly used to alter the genome sequence of crops and those crops can be termed as transgenic or genetically modified crops. This helps to increase crop yield and good food quality. The agricultural biotechnology market has been classified based on applications into transgenic crops and synthetic biology-enabled products and tools. Agricultural biotechnology comprises Agriculture genetics and Plant breeding, Agronomy , Agricultural Extension, Agricultural engineering and technology, hybrid seed technology, Agricultural risk management, Modelling tools in agricultural DSS (Decision Support System). Plant breeding is the process of using two parent plants to create an “offspring” plant. It involves manipulation of plant species in order to create desired genotypes and phenotypes for specific purposes. Manipulation involves either controlled pollination, genetic engineering, or both, followed by artificial selection of progeny. Using conventional plant breeding technology agriculture productivity is increased.

Medicinal plants are important sources for pharmaceutical manufacturing. The Medicinal plants have been identified and used throughout human history. Supply chain management and value addition of MAPs Plants have the ability to synthesize a wide variety of chemical compounds that are used in cure various diseases. Mostly they are used in herbal therapies, tratidional medicine practioners. They are also which are used in making perfumes, in cooking, and in the food, pharmaceutical, and liquor industries. Many aromatic plants are species of the Lauraceae, Umbelliferae, Myrtaceae, and Labiatae families. In the USSR roses, geraniums, laurel, lavender, and rosemary are among the plants used in industry. Quality control standardization and certification of medicinal plants and herbal products is very important. Ginseng is perhaps the most widely recognized plant used in traditional medicine and now plays a major role in herbal health care. Through the ages, the root has been used in the treatment of loss of strength, hardened arteries, blood and bleeding disorders, and colitis, and to relieve the symptoms of aging, cancer, and senility.

Plant Genetics basically deals with heredity, especially the mechanisms of hereditary transmission and the variation of inherited characteristics among plant. Although there has been a revolution in the biological sciences in the past twenty years, there is still a great deal that remains to be discovered. The completion of the sequencing of the genomes of rice and some agriculturally and scientifically important plants (for example Physcomitrella patens) has increased the possibilities of plant genetic research immeasurably. Molecular biology is the study of biology and cell at a molecular level. It concerns itself with understanding the interactions between the various systems of a cell, including the interrelationship of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis, protein structure and learning how these interactions are regulated. Biomolecules, gene expression, gene regulation, biochemical pathways are the part of this.

Generation or reproduction is the natural process by which new "posterity" singular creatures are created from their "guardians". Generation is a key gimmick of all known life; every individual creature exists as the consequence of multiplication. The known routines for propagation are comprehensively gathered into two principle sorts: sexual and agamic. Plants have evolved different reproductive strategies for the continuation of their species. Plants have two types of reproduction system sexual and asexual. Plant sexual reproduction usually depends on pollinating agents, while asexual reproduction is independent of these agents. Flowers are often the showiest or most strongly-scented part of plants. With their bright colors, fragrances, and interesting shapes and sizes, flowers attract insects, birds, and animals to serve their pollination needs. Other plants pollinate via wind or water; still others self-pollinate.

Plant nutrition is the investigation of the compound components and aggravates that are important for plant development, and additionally of their outer supply and interior digestion system. In 1972, E. Epstein characterized two criteria for a component to be key for plant development: in its nonattendance the plant is unable to finish a typical life cycle or that the component is some piece of some fundamental plant constituent or metabolite. Most soil conditions over the world can furnish plants with sufficient sustenance and don't oblige manure for a complete life cycle. Plant nutrition is related to plant hormones. Plant hormones are the chemical which regulate or promote plant growth under some environmental condition.

Crop science is concerned with selection and improvement of crops. It includes research and development on production techniques, improving agriculture productivity, soil fertility, maintenance, protection, harvesting and storage aspects of post-harvest, pest management. Soil fertility is ability of soil to provide all essential plant nutrients in available forms and in a suitable balance, it support luxuriant growth of plants with very little human effort. It contains sufficient minerals, soil organic matter, and good soil structure and soil moisture retention. Soil fertility is of two type’s permanent and temporary fertility. Humans are depended on plants or crops for food, fibber and more recently for fuel. Crop production is deals with growing crops for use as food, fibre and other use and Crop productivity is the quantitative measure of crop yield in given measured area of field. The use of new crop varieties and the efficient application of agrochemicals, immensely contributed to increased plant productivity. Demand of crop production is rising because of increasing population. So the market value of crop is also increasing day by day.

Agricultural science is the study of the science and management of biological systems like plant animal for the sustainable production of food and fibre. Horticulture is the branch of agriculture that deals with the art, science, technology, and business of plant cultivation. It includes the cultivation of medicinal plant, fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, herbs, sprouts, mushrooms, algae, flowers, seaweeds and non-food crops such as grass and ornamental trees and plants. It also includes plant conservation, landscape restoration, landscape and garden design, construction, and maintenance, and arboriculture. Horticulturists apply their knowledge, skills, and technologies used to grow intensively produced plants for human food and non-food uses and for personal or social needs. Their work involves plant propagation and cultivation with the aim of improving plant growth, yields, quality, nutritional value, and resistance to insects, diseases, and environmental stresses. They work as gardeners, growers, therapists, designers, and technical advisors in the food and non-food sectors of horticulture.